-s in Old French

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "word": "-s"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "lang_code": "frm",
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-z",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indicates a nominative singular of a masculine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-fro-suffix-r06RRQ-B",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indicates an oblique plural of a masculine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-fro-suffix-VQ6jQDJU",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indicates a (nominative or oblique) plural of a feminine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-fro-suffix-OSZWs2bl",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
    "Old French entries with etymon",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French suffixes",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 39 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "word": "-s"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "lang_code": "frm",
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-z",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "indicates a nominative singular of a masculine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "indicates an oblique plural of a masculine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "indicates a (nominative or oblique) plural of a feminine noun or adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-s" meaning in Old French

Suffix